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Jorge Rafael Videla ((:ˈxorxe rafaˈel biˈðela); 2 August 1925 – 17 May 2013) was a senior commander in the Argentine Army and President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. He came to power in ''a coup d'état'' that deposed Isabel Martínez de Perón. Two years after the return of a representative democratic government in 1983, he was prosecuted in the Trial of the Juntas for large-scale human rights abuses and crimes against humanity that took place under his rule, including kidnappings or forced disappearance, widespread torture and extrajudicial murder of activists, political opponents as well as their families, at secret concentration camps. An estimated 13,000〔(Una duda histórica: no se sabe cuántos son los desaparecidos )〕-30,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=While The World Watched )〕 political dissidents vanished during this period. Videla was also convicted of the theft of many babies born during the captivity of their mothers at the illegal detention centres and passing them on for illegal adoption by associates of the regime. In his defence, Videla maintains the female guerrilla detainees allowed themselves to fall pregnant in the belief they wouldn't be tortured or executed.〔( El exdictador Videla llama terroristas a las madres de los bebés robados en Argentina, ABC.es, 28/06/2012 )〕 On 2010, Videla took full responsibility for his army's actions during his rule. ''"I accept the responsibility as the highest military authority during the internal war. My subordinates followed my orders,"'' he told an Argentine court. Videla also sheltered many Nazi fugitives along with Juan Perón before him, Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay and Hugo Banzer of Bolivia. He was under house arrest until 2008, when he was sent to a military prison. Following a new trial, on 2010, Videla was sentenced to life in a civilian prison for the deaths of 31 prisoners following his ''coup''.〔(''Life sentence for ex-Argentina leader'' ) on Al Jazeera English 2010 (video)〕 On 5 July 2012, Videla was sentenced to 50 years in prison for the systematic kidnapping of children during his tenure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El dictador Videla, condenado a 50 años de cárcel por el robo de niños )〕 The following year, Videla died in the Marcos Paz civilian prison five days after suffering a fall in a shower.〔("Videla murio golpe cabeza cuando resbalo-ducha" ), ''El Comericio''〕 ==Early life and family== Jorge Rafael Videla was born on 2 August 1925 in the city of Mercedes. He was the third of five sons born to Colonel Rafael Eugenio Videla Bengolea (1888–1952) and María Olga Redondo Ojea (1897–1987) and was christened in honor of his two older twin brothers, who had died of measles in 1923. Videla's family was a prominent one in San Luis Province, and many of his ancestors had held high public offices. His grandfather Jacinto had been governor of San Luis between 1891 and 1893, and his great-great-grandfather Blas Videla had fought in the Spanish American wars of independence and had later been a leader of the Unitarian Party in San Luis.〔Seoane-Muleiro: ''El Dictador''. Ed. Sudamericana (2001).〕 On April 7, 1948, Jorge Videla married Alicia Raquel Hartridge (born on September 28, 1927) daughter of Samuel Alejandro Hartridge Parkes (1890-1967), an English Argentine professor of physics and Argentine ambassador to Turkey, and María Isabel Lacoste Álvarez (1894-1939).〔Ronald Hilton, (Who’s is Who in Latin America: Part V, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay ), Stanford University Press 1950, p. 103〕 They had seven children: María Cristina (1949), Jorge Horacio (1950), Alejandro Eugenio (1951–1971), María Isabel (1958), Pedro Ignacio (1966), Fernando Gabriel (1961) and Rafael Patricio (1953). Two of these, Rafael Patricio and Fernando Gabriel, joined the Argentine Army.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jorge Rafael Videla」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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